How does Global Warming effect people and animals?

To answer this overall research question, I plan on answering the following:

1.) Which regions are most affected by global warming?
2.) What things have us humans done to cause globalwarming?
3.) What are some animals that are goping extinct?
4.) How can we prevent/stop global warming from getting even worse?

I already know the basics about global warming. For example I know that it is causing the artic to melt and polar bears are dying because the ice is disappearing. I would like to find out how this all began, like the time period it started in and what incident began it all. I am also curious to find out what types of animals are being affected because of global warming.